تعلم اللغة الانجليزيـــة ( القواعد)

[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The present simple tense [/grade]

I go to school every day.
The sun rises in the east.
Forming Ali eats an ice cream.
We sleep early.
I go to school.
Tamer goes to school.
He plays football.
She studies English.
Using The earth goes round the sun.
The sun rises in the east.
We have our breakfast in the morning.

We use this the present simple tense with these words:
I always go to market with my mother.
We usually sleep at night.
Amr goes to school everyday.
We visit our grandfather every week.
He sometimes have supper with me.

Question (Do) - (Does)
Do you play basketball?
Does a lion eat grass?
When does he eat his lunch?
Where do you come from?

Negative don't - doesn't
we like milk, we don't like coffee.
He doesn't play in the street.

تكوينه

I , We , They, You ا لفعل في المصدر إذا كان الفاعل جمع
Ali-Mona أو اسم مفرد He , She , It إذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب(s)يضاف إلى الفعل
والفعل ينتهي بأحد النهايات الخمسة إذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب (e s )يضاف إلى الفعل
( c h ; o ; sh ; ss ; x )

ies وتضاف y مسبوقة بحرف ساكن والفاعل مفرد غائب تحذف( y) إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بـ

Ex. 1- I go to school early
2- Seham speaks English well
3- Ghada watches TV.
4- He studies English

استخدامه

في التعبير عن الحقائق والعادات
1-I usually study at night.
2-The sun rises in the morning.
يستخدم مع كلمات مثل
usually عادة alwaysدائما oftenغالبا rarely نادرا
sometimes أحيانا every كل... frequently مرارا
generally عموما weekly أسبوعيا monthly شهريا
( d o أو does ) عند تكوين سؤال في زمن المضارع البسيط نستخد م
inf. في النفي ودائما يتبعهما المصدر don't-doesn't كما تستخدم
What + do / does + فاعل + المصدر ? سؤال عن الأشياء أو المواقف
What + do / does + فاعل + do ? سؤال عن الفعل
Do/Does + فاعل + مصدر ? سؤال بمعنى هل
أداة استفهام + do/does + فاعل + المصدر ? سؤال باستخدام أدوات الاستفها




[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The past simple tense [/grade]

I went to school yesterday.
Ali ate an ice cream.
We played football.
I went to school.
Using
I was six years old last year. Now I'm seven years old.

We use this the past simple tense with these words:
I went to market with my mother yesterday.
We slept late last Thursday.
Cairo was quite in the past.
We visited our grandfather three days ago .
Once upon a time there was a greedy man.....

Question (Did)
Did you play basketball last week?
When did he eat his lunch?
Where did you go yesterday?

Negative didn't
we drank milk, we didn't drink coffee.
He didn't see his father 5 months ago


استخدامه

1- للتعبير عن حدث في الماضي اكتمل في وقت محدد
I met her yesterday

2- للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي
Long ago people travelled on camels.

3- يأتي في الجملة الشرطية بعد في الحالة الثانية
If I he slept early, he would get up early.

4- يستخدم مع -
yesterday – last ……. – ago – for – in the past – a few minutes ago.

عند نفي الماضي البسيط نستخدم diidn’t + inf.
I didn’t watch the film yesterday
لتكوين سؤال نستخدم الفعل المساعد did مقدما على الفاعل





[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The Future simple tense [/grade]
I will go to school tomorrow.

Forming will + infinitive
Ali will eat an ice cream tomorrow.
We will play football next week.

Using
to speak about what will happen in the future
We use this the past simple tense with these words:
I will go to market with my mother tomorrow.
We will speep late next Thursday.
Cairo will be bigger in the future.

Question (Will + subject + infinitive)
Will you play basketball next week?
Yes I will / No, I won't
When will he eat his lunch?
Where will you go next month?

Negative won't = will + not + infinitive
we wil drink milk, we won't drink coffee.
He didn't see his father 5 months ago.



[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]المستقبل البسيط [/grade]Will + inf.
Am/is/are + v +ing


يستخدم في /

قرارات سريعة
التنبؤ
العرض
الترتيبات
حقائق مستقبلية
الوعود
التهديدات


Am/is/are going to + inf.

يستخدم في /
النية والخطط المستقبلية
أفعال على وشك الحدوث
The man is going to jump in the river

Am/is/are + v +ing

يستخدم في /
أفعال تم التخطيط لها
I’m taking an exam tomorrow



[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The present continuous tense [/grade]

The rabbit is running now.

Forming am ('m)
is ('s) + V+ing

are ('re)

I am eating an ice cream tomorrow.
We are playing football next week.
She is studying English now.

Using
to speak about what is happening now.
We use this the past simple tense with these words:
I am eating to market now.
We are sweeping at the moment .
Look, Ali is climbing a tree.
Listen, someone is calling you.

Note:- Some times it's used for the future
I'm visiting my grandfather next Friday.
Question am
is + subject + V+ing
are
Are you playing basketball now?
Yes I am / No, I am not
What is he eating ?
Where are you going at the moment?

Negative amn't
isn't + V+ing
aren't
They aren't speaking coffee.
He isn't playing football, he is playing basketball



[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]the present continuous tens[/grade]

[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]زمن المضارع المستمر [/grade]


تكوينه :

am/is /are + V –ing
I’m reading a book

استخدامه: في التعبير عن حدث مستمر الآن
it is raining now

كما يستخدم مع كلمات مثل :
still - look - listen - now –
at this moment – at the present time

النفي والاستفهام :- عند النفي نستخدم not بعد am أو is أو are
وللاستفهام نقدم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل
What + is – are + فاعل + V-ing ? سؤال عن الأشياء والمواقف
Is – Are + فاعل + V-ing? سؤال بمعنى هل
What + is - are + فاعل + doing? سؤال عن الفعل أو الحدث
أداة استفهام + is – are + فاعل + V-ing? باستخدام أدوات الاستفهام

ملاحظات :- لا يستخدم المضارع المستمر مع:-

1- أفعال الشعور see hear -smell - notice
2- أفعال التفكير think – feel – mind - know
3- أفعال العاطفة want - desire – love – hate
4- أفعال الملكية own - possess – belong




[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The past continuous tenseالماضي المستمر [/grade]


تكوينه :
when/ while يستخدم كخلفية للماضي البسيط ولذا يستخدم مع
When ……… ( past simple ) , ( past continuous )
While …….. (past continuous( , (past simple )
When I came, she was reading a story.

While he was fishing, they came.

كما يستخدم مع تحديد وقت في الماضي بمعنى استمرار الفعل في وقت معين في الماضي

She was sleeping at 7 o'clock this morning
على الفاعلwas/wereوالاستفهام في يكون بتقديم الفعل المساعد
Were u eating when I called u?
Yes, I was
was إلى wereلاحظ تحول


[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]
The present perfect continuous tense [/grade]

[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]المضارع التام المستمر [/grade]
He has been Playing football

I have been watching T.V
Has/Have been + v-ing تكوينه
يستخدم لبيان أفعال بدأت في الماضي وما زالت مستمرة في الحاضر أو ما زال أثرها في الحاضر

يستخدم مع since – for
I have been studying since 9 O’clock
How long have you been living abroad?
I have been living abroad for five years.




[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]The present perfect tense [/grade]


[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]زمن المضارع التام[/grade]



I have gone to school

تكوينه:-
have / has + P.P

استخدامه :- 1- أحداث استغرقت فترة من الزمن حتى الوقت الحالي
we have learned a lot at this school

2- أحداث بدأت في الماضي وما زالت في الوقت الحاضر
We have been at school since September

3- أحداث ماضية لها تأثير على الحاضر
My father has bought a new TV set

4- يستخدم مع الكلمات الأتية
Just – already – yet – ever – never – since – for

عند نفي فعل في زمن المضارع التام
نضع not بعد have/has


نضع yet في نهاية الجملة
I haven’t met Reham yet.
Have you met Seham yet?

تستخدم yet في حالتي الاستفهام والنفي
I’ve already picked the flowers.
Seham has just gone out

تستخدم already لتعطي معنى أن الحدث تم دون أن يطلب منك القيام به
تستخدم just لتعطي معنى أن الحدث تم لحظة حدوث الكلام immediately

Have you ever been to Paris?
No, I have never been to Paris.
Reem has learnt English since 1996
Reem has learnt English for 1996
Since + نقطة بداية الحدث
For + مدة زمنية محددة
I haven’t met Seham since she was 17 years old.
Since they came to Egypt, they have visited the pyramids.
Since…… Past simple ……… present perfect
present perfect …… since …… Past simple
A- They have married for two years.
They married for two years. Explain the difference



[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]
The past perfect tense [/grade]

[grade="00008B FF6347 008000 4B0082"]زمن الماضي التام [/grade]


I had bought some oranges


تكوينه had + P.P

استخدامه يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث سبق أخر في الماضي
before she went to school, she had washed her face
When I recovered, I saw what had happened

يستخدم مع مثل هذه الكلمات

as soon as - after ماضي تام ………… ماضي بسيط

When - Before ماضي بسيط ……… ماضي تام
By the time

ماضي بسيط منفي …… till / until ماضي تام
As soon as I had eaten my lunch, I went out.
I went out after I had eaten my lunch.
By the time I went out, I had eaten my lunch.
I had eaten my lunch before I went out
She didn’t go to bed until she had eaten.